Choosing the right head is the guiding star for equipment safety and efficiency. Under different working conditions, the shape of the head determines the pressure bearing capacity, adaptability and cost - this selection guide will help you accurately match your needs:
1. Elliptical head: the "universal solution" for pressure vessels
The golden ratio of curved surface and straight edge allows it to withstand medium and high pressure (≤6.4MPa) while balancing the difficulty and cost of molding. The inner wall is evenly stressed and not prone to material accumulation. It is suitable for most pressure-bearing scenarios such as chemical storage tanks and heat exchange equipment, and is the "default choice" in the industrial field.
2. Disheveled head: "cost-effective choice" for medium and low pressure scenarios
The spherical radius is larger than the nominal diameter, and there is a transition arc at the corner. The pressure bearing capacity is slightly inferior to the elliptical head, but the molding is more flexible and suitable for low-pressure storage tanks and atmospheric pressure containers. When the equipment requires compact space (such as a small reactor), its shallow curved surface design can save installation space.
3. Spherical head: the "pressure-resistant king" of high-pressure equipment
With the same wall thickness, the pressure-bearing capacity of the spherical head is more than 1.5 times that of the elliptical head, which can be called the "rigid need" of high-pressure vessels (such as autoclaves and liquefied gas storage tanks). However, the curved surface is deep, the molding is difficult, the cost is high, and it is more suitable for extreme working conditions with pressure ≥10MPa.
4. Flat bottom head: the "simple answer" for normal pressure equipment
The simple structure of flat plate + straight edge is almost pressure-free, but it is extremely low cost and easy to clean. It is suitable for normal pressure storage tanks (such as water storage tanks, silos) and equipment end covers, especially for scenes where the medium has no pressure and needs to be opened frequently for maintenance (such as the top head of the mixing tank).
5. Conical head: "flow expert" for powder/slurry
The conical design has its own flow-guiding properties, which can avoid medium residue and is an ideal choice for conveying pipelines and hoppers. According to different cone angles (commonly 30°, 45°, 60°), it is suitable for solid-liquid separation equipment, feeding tanks, etc., taking into account a certain pressure bearing and flow-guiding efficiency.
When choosing a head, consider three factors: the pressure level determines the "bottom line of pressure resistance" (spherical is preferred for high pressure, elliptical is preferred for medium pressure), the medium characteristics determine the "adaptability" (elliptical/spherical is preferred for materials that are prone to accumulation, and conical is preferred for powdery materials), and the cost budget determines the "cost performance" (disc-shaped is used for low pressure, and flat-bottomed is used for normal pressure). Let every inch of the curved surface accurately match the "temperament" of the equipment.
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